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Journal of Iranian Dental Association
Journal of Iranian Dental Association
2383-3041
2005-07
17
4
8
15
article
Evaluation of healing in the periapical lesions of dogs with or without obturation in prepared root canals
Mohammad hossein Nekoofar
nekofa@yahoo.com
1
Daryush Shirani
2
Poria Motahari
3
Sepideh Khanzadi
4
Mostafa Ghandi
5
Evaluation of healing in the periapical lesions of dogs with or without obturation in prepared root canals Dr. MH Nekoofar* - Dr. D. Shirani ** - Dr. P. Motahari*** - Dr. S. Khanzadi**** - Dr. M. Ghandi***** *- Assistant Professor of Endodontics Dept. - Faculty of Dentistry - Tehran University of Medical Sciences. **- Assistant Professor of Internal Medicine Dept. Faculty of Veterinary – Tehran University. *** - Assistant Professor of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology Dept. Faculty of Dentistry – Tehran University of Medical Sciences. **** - Endodontist. ***** - Dentist. Background and Aim: Controversy about root canal obturation dates back to many years ago and different theories have always been suggested to justify various methods. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of canal obturation on the repair of periapical lesions in dogs and also the possibility of healing without obturation. Materials and Methods: In this interventional study, the pulps of 56 canals in 28 teeth of 7 mixed German shepherd dogs were infected through 6 weeks exposure to oral environment. All canals were prepared based on conventional root canal therapy. Canals of control group were filled with gutta percha and AH26 sealer. The test group canals were left unfilled. Then the coronal portion of all teeth was filled with amalgam and a fourth generation dentin bonding agent (Scotch bond multi purpose 3M company). Six months later the dogs were sacrificed by vital perfusion method. Then the experimental roots and surrounding apical tissues were prepared and radiographs were taken. The histological sections were also prepared and examined. Data were subjected to Wilcoxon and McNemar statistical tests. Results: Cementum and dentin resorption variables showed significant differences between test and control groups (P.V0.05) Conclusion: It seems that the presence or absence of healing of the periapical lesions in dogs after 6 months are not related to canal obturation. Key words: Root canal therapy - Dog - Root canal obturation - Periapical lesions.
http://jida.ir/article-1-14-en.pdf
Root canal therapy
Dog
Root canal obturation
Periapical lesions
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Journal of Iranian Dental Association
Journal of Iranian Dental Association
2383-3041
2005-07
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22
article
Evaluation of relative frequency of chronic atrophic candidosis in patients with denture referred to dental offices in Yasouj (2003)
Fayezeh Khozeimeh
F_Khozeimeh@dnt.mui.ac.ir
1
Tahmores Bahremand
2
Evaluation of relative frequency of chronic atrophic candidosis in patients with denture referred to dental offices in Yasouj (2003) Dr. F. Khozeimeh* - Dr. T. Bahremand** *- Assistant Professor of Diagnosis and Oral Diseases Dept. - Faculty of Dentistry – Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. **- Dentist. Background and Aim: One of the epidemic side – effects of wearing denture is chronic atrophic candidosis. The aim of this study was to determine the relative frequency of chronic atrophic candidosis in denture wearing patients referred to dentists in Yasouj (2003). Materials and Methods: In this descriptive cross – sectional study, 85 patients with denture referred to Yasouj dentists were examined and information about age, sex, duration of denture wearing at nights, on days and in years, smoking and denture hygiene were recorded. Then each patient's culture and smear was collected. Data were analyzed statistically using Chi - square test and SPSS software. Results: Out of total examined patients, 57.6% had positively cultural results. -In all age groups most of samples had positive results and there was not significant relationship between age and candidosis prevalence (P>0.05). -59.6% of males and 54.5% of females had positive results. The difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). -More than half of the samples wearing dentures over 10 years, showed positive results revealing no significant relationship between denture wearing and prevalence of candidosis (P>0.05). -71.2% of subjects wearing dentures for 24 – hour had statistically significant positive results (P<0.05). -77.7% of smoking subjects and 42.8% of non – smoking ones showed positive results. The difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). -89.6% of patients with poor denture hygiene displayed significantly positive cultural results (P<0.05). Conclusion: The prevalence of candidosis among denture wearing patients was 57.6%. There was not statistically significant relationship between age, sex and years of wearing denture with the prevalence of candidosis, however significant relationship was found between duration of denture wearing during day and night, denture hygiene and smoking with the prevalence of candidosis. Key words: Denture - Candidosis - Atrophic
http://jida.ir/article-1-15-en.pdf
Denture
Candidosis
Atrophic
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Journal of Iranian Dental Association
Journal of Iranian Dental Association
2383-3041
2005-07
17
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23
28
article
Stimulated and unstimulated whole saliva compositions of dental female students, Tehran University of Medical Sciences in 2005
farzaneh Aghahosseini
aghahose@sina.tums.ac.ir
1
eraj Dizgah
2
sara Amirkhani
3
Stimulated and unstimulated whole saliva compositions of dental female students, Tehran University of Medical Sciences in 2005 Dr. F. Aghahosseini* - Dr. E. Dizgah** - Dr. S. Amirkhani*** *- Associate Professor of Diagnosis and Oral Diseases Dept. - Faculty of Dentistry – Tehran University of Medical Sciences. **- Physiologist: Phisiology Dept. Faculty of Medicine – Tehran University of Medical Sciences. *** - Dentist. Abstract Background and Aim: Advantages in the use of saliva (easy access and non – invasive collection) have caused it to be a unique fluid as a diagnostic medium during recent years. The aim of this study was to determine and compare the stimulated and unstimulated whole saliva biochemical compositions in healthy female dental students of Tehran University of Medical Sciences living in dormitories. Materials and Methods: In a case series study 5ml of stimulated and unstimulated whole saliva samples were obtained from expectations of female students with a mean age of 22 (19-24) years in May and June 2005. Sodium concentration was measured by Flame – photometry method and other saliva compositions were measured by spectrophotometer and related kits as follows: total protein by the Biuret method, Ca++ by Arsenazo reaction and magnesium by the Xylidyle blue complex method. Data were analyzed for mean, standard deviation (SD) and standard error of measurement (SEM) using SPSS program. Student's unpaired t – test was used to compare stimulated and unstimulated saliva compositions. Results: In the unstimulated whole saliva (n=20), the concentrations (mean±SD) of total protein (mg/ml), magnesium (mmol/l), calcium (mmol/l) and sodium (mmol/l) were 6.19±2.80, 1.19±0.44, 1.90±0.70, 13.95±2.01, respectively. In the stimulated whole saliva (n=20), these values were 3.73±1.97, 1.75±0.60, 2.03±0.76 and 18.15±4.31 respectively. Conclusion: No statistically significant difference was found in calcium values between the stimulated and unstimulated whole saliva where as in stimulated saliva sodium and magnesium levels were significantly higher and total protein level were lower than unstimulated saliva. Key words: Saliva compositions, Unstimulated saliva – Stimulated saliva. Correspondence: Diagnosis and Oral Diseases Dept. Faculty of Dentistry Tehran Univ of Med Sci aghahose@sina.tums.ac.ir
http://jida.ir/article-1-352-en.pdf
Saliva compositions
Unstimulated saliva
Stimulated saliva.
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Journal of Iranian Dental Association
Journal of Iranian Dental Association
2383-3041
2005-07
17
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29
33
article
Effects of dentin bonding agents (DBA) coronal leakage in root canal therapy (In – Vitro)
Mohammad reza Sharifian
mrsharifian@yahoo.com
1
Ensiyeh Kazemifar
2
Effects of dentin bonding agents (DBA) coronal leakage in root canal therapy (In – Vitro) Dr. MR. Sharifian* - Dr. E. Kazemifar** *- Assistant Professor of Endodontics Dept. - Faculty of Dentistry – Tehran University of Medical Sciences. **- Dentist. Background and Aim: Coronal sealing plays an important role in the prevention of root canal system reinfection and the access of irritants to periradicular tissues. The aim of this experimental (in – vitro) study was to evaluate the effects of dentin bonding agents in the reduction of coronal microleakage and improvement of root canal seal. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, twenty four extracted straight single rooted human teeth were randomly divided into two groups of ten. In the first group, after DBA application, root canals were filled with gutta percha and AH26 using lateral condensation technique. In the second group, root canals were only filled with gutta – percha and AH26. Two groups were also considered, as positive and negative controls. In positive control group, the root canals were filled with gutta – percha only. Then all teeth surfaces except the cut coronal surface were covered with two layers of nail varnish. In negative control group all surfaces were covered with two layers of nail varnish. The specimens were immersed in methylen blue dye (PH=7) for 48 hours. After rinsing the teeth and removal of nail varnish, the specimens were divided into buccal and lingual halves using diamond disk. The amount of linear penetration of dye was measured with stereomicroscope. Data were subjected to t – student test. Results: The mean of dye penetration was 3.2±1.217 mm in the first group (DBA + gutta percha + AH26) and in the second group (gutta percha + AH26) was 6.1 mm. The difference between two groups was statistically significant (P<0.001). In positive control group dye penetrated in the entire length of canal, however in the negative control group dye penetration was not observed. Conclusion: The use of D.B.A with gutta percha and AH26 using lateral condensation technique is effective in the reduction if coronal leakage. Key words: Leakage – Dentin bonding agent (D.B.A) – Root canal.
http://jida.ir/article-1-116-en.pdf
Leakage
Dentin bonding agent (D.B.A)
Root canal
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Journal of Iranian Dental Association
Journal of Iranian Dental Association
2383-3041
2005-07
17
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34
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article
Evaluation of thermocycling and cyclic loads on the amount of microleakage of resin bonded restorations
Hakimeh Siadat
hsiadat@tums.ac.ir
1
Ali Mirfazaelian
2
Sosan Mirmohammadrezaee
3
Evaluation of thermocycling and cyclic loads on the amount of microleakage of resin bonded restorations Dr. H. Siadat* - Dr. A. Mirfazaelian* - Dr. S. Mirmohammadrezaee* *- Assistant Professor of Removable Prosthodontics Dept. - Faculty of Dentistry – Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Background and Aim: Resin bonded restorations are preferred to the conventional ones due to their potential prevention of the unwanted tooth structure destruction, however the rate of success depends on different factors such as: resin cements and metal surface treatment. The aim of this study was to compare the amount of microleakage between two methods of metal surface treatments and three kinds of resin cements. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 96 disks were cast with Cr-Co alloy and machined to 15 mm diameter and 2 mm thickness with a handle in the center by an engineering lathe. Half of the samples were sandblasted with 50 µm Aluminium oxide at 7 bars of air pressure. The other half were firstly sandblasted and degazed. Then one layer of slurry opaque (1 gr of opaque porcelain powder plus 0.5 ml of distilled water) was applied on their surfaces. Disks in opaque and sandblast groups were divided randomly into two equal groups of case and control. Each group was divided into 3 groups of 8 each. In each group, the disks were mounted on a surveyor two by two against each other and cemented by a load of 20 N using one of these 3 resin cements: Panavia 21, All - bond 2 and Enforce. All samples of case group were thermocycled 2000 times (temperature between 5° C - 55° C) and then cyclic loading was applied with a force of 100 N for 112000 times at 1.5 Hz frequency. All samples were then immersed in a 0.5% basic fushin solution for 24 hours. Then were separated and scanned. Colored surface of each image of disks surfaces was calculated by Auto-CAD. Data were subjected to one - way ANOVA and Post Hoc test of Scheffe type. Results: All samples of Panavia 21 + opaque (case) were failed during cyclic loading. The group of Panavia 21 + opaque (control) showed the highest microleakage (10.27±11.25) and the difference between this group and the other ones was highly significant (P<0.001). Enforce + opaque (case) group showed microleakage (4.39±6.91) and the difference between this group and other groups was significant was found between other groups. Conclusion: The application of Panavia 21 and Enforce with slurry opaque porcelain as a metal surface treatment is not recommended. Key words: Thermocycling – Cyclic loading – Microleakage – Resin bonded restorations – Dentin bonding - Opaque
http://jida.ir/article-1-117-en.pdf
Thermocycling
Cyclic loading
Microleakage
Resin bonded restorations
Dentin bonding
Opaque
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Journal of Iranian Dental Association
Journal of Iranian Dental Association
2383-3041
2005-07
17
4
61
65
article
Evaluation of periodontal indices in closed flap operation technique of impacted teeth exposure
Hamid reza Arab
hrarab@yahoo.com
1
Hossein Pezeshkirad
2
Evaluation of periodontal indices in closed flap operation technique of impacted teeth exposure Dr. HR. Arab* - Dr. H. Pezeshkirad** *- Assistant Professor of Periodontology Dept. - Faculty of Dentistry – Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. **- Assistant Professor of Orthodontics Dept. - Faculty of Dentistry – Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. Background and Aim: Different surgical techniques have been proposed for crown exposure among patients under orthodontic treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate periodontal indices in closed flap operation technique used for impacted teeth crown exposure. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study (2001-2003) 20 patients (15 females and 5 males), age ranging from 15 to 20 years, were participated. Following the performance of closed flap operation technique, in 12 patients impacted canine and central incisors were exposed and treated orthodontically. Periodontal parameters including sulcular depth, width of keratinized gingiva and attachment loss were recorded. Results: The mean of gingival sulcus depth was 1.50±0.43, the means of keratinized gingiva in central incisors and canines were 3.07±0.53 and 2.30±0.42, respectively. In one patient, attachment loss was reported. Conclusion: Considering the optimal sulcular depth and keratinized gingiva, the closed flap operation technique seems suitable. Key words: Impacted canine exposure – Flap surgery – Keratinized gingiva
http://jida.ir/article-1-120-en.pdf
Impacted canine exposure
Flap surgery
Keratinized gingiva
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Journal of Iranian Dental Association
Journal of Iranian Dental Association
2383-3041
2005-07
17
4
66
75
article
Comparison of stresses transferred to the implant supported overdentures with bar, ball and zaag attachments through photoelasticity
Abolfasl Saboori
Asaboury@yahoo.com
1
Gholam reza Esfahanizade
2
Masoud Ejlali
3
Comparison of stresses transferred to the implant supported overdentures with bar, ball and zaag attachments through photoelasticity Dr. A. Saboori* - Dr. Gh. Esfahanizade** - Dr. M. Ejlali*** *- Assistant Professor of Prosthodontics Dept. - Faculty of Dentistry – Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. **- Assistant Professor of Prosthodontics Dept. - Faculty of Dentistry – Tehran Islamic Azad University. ***- Professor and Chief of Prosthodontics Dept. - Faculty of Dentistry – Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. Background and Aim: When a complete denture is replaced with an overdenture supported by implant, masticatory efficiency will be improved. There are a lot of controversies on the use of the best attachments in overdentures. The aim of this study was to compare the stresses transferred to the implant supported overdentures in mandible with bar, ball and zaag attachments using photoelastic technique. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive in – vitro study, stresses transferred to the implants supported overdentures with bar, ball and zaag attachments were analyzed using photoelastic method. Two implants were installed in the canine area 8 mm from the midline. Vertical and oblique loads of 30Ib were applied to the first molar unilaterally. Resultant stress distribution with ball, bar and zaag attachments were evaluated. Results: The bar attachments exhibited the most stress transferred to the implants on the loaded side and opposite side. When the model was subjected to the posterior vertical load. The oblique load transferred to the implants was more than the vertical load. The ball and zaag attachments transferred the vertical load to both implants and edentulous area. These both attachment systems exhibited more stress on implants in oblique load where as the edentulous ridge was stress free. Conclusion: Bar attachments transferred more stress to the implant bodies than ball and zaag attachments in both oblique and vertical loads and zaag attachments transferred more stress to the implant as compared with the ball ones. Key words: Implant - Overdentures - Attachment - Ball - Bar - Zaag – Photoelasticity
http://jida.ir/article-1-121-en.pdf
Implant
Overdentures
Attachment
Ball - Bar
Zaag
Photoelasticity
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Journal of Iranian Dental Association
Journal of Iranian Dental Association
2383-3041
2005-07
17
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76
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article
Effects of Bilpron on the reduction of colony counts of some bacteria existing in dental unit waterlines
S.Mohammad reza Safavi
safavismr@icdr.ac.ir
1
S.Ahmad Ghaemmaghami
2
Masoud Aminzadeh
3
Kaveh Alavi
4
Sodabeh Taheri
5
Effects of Bilpron on the reduction of colony counts of some bacteria existing in dental unit waterlines Dr. SM. Safavi* - Dr. SA. Ghaemmaghami** - Dr. M. Aminzadeh*** - Dr. K. Alavi****- S. Taheri***** *- Assistant Professor of Orthodontics Dept. - Faculty of Dentistry – Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. **- Professor and Chief of Diagnosis and Oral Diseases – Faculty of Dentistry – Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. ***- Assistant Professor of Virology & Immunology Dept. Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences. ****- Consultant of Dental Research Centre, Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. *****- Member of Microbiology Dept. Faculty of Medicine, Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. Background and Aim: Bacterial contamination of dental unit waterlines may be attributed to biofilm formation. According to American Dental Association (ADA), bacterial colony counts of dental unit waterlines less than 200 CFU/ml if favorable. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of Bilpron, as a disinfectant, on bacterial colony counts of dental unit waterlines. Materials and Methods: In this controlled trial study on water samples of dental units, Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 6 units with Bilpron injection system as cases and 8 units without any disinfectant as controls of Endodontics department were investigated. Samples were obtained during 6 times, 3 samples of each unit (totally 108 samples in case group and 144 in control one). Sampling was performed on Wednesday and Saturday. Data were subjected to X2 and Fisher exact tests. Results: In samples without any bacterial contamination on Wednesdays, Bilpron was able to prevent staphylococcus growth on Saturdays (3.3%) which was significantly lower than the controls (16.3%) (P<0.01). There was no infection of Pseudomonas, beta hemolytic streptococci and Ecoli in Bilpron group that for all types the differences were statistically significant (P<0.01). However in contaminated waterlines on Wednesday, there was not a statistically significant difference between two groups. Conclusion: Bilpron may prevent bacterial growth in water if it is not contaminated but its usefulness for contaminated water has not been proved. Key words: Dental Unit Waterlines – Bacterial contamination of waters – Bilpron – Disinfection
http://jida.ir/article-1-122-en.pdf
Dental Unit Waterlines
Bacterial contamination of waters
Bilpron
Disinfection
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Journal of Iranian Dental Association
Journal of Iranian Dental Association
2383-3041
2005-07
17
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85
92
article
Comparison of the post – amalgam filling urinary mercury levels of children treated consciously VS. unconsciously
Maryam Karaminogourani
maryam-karami@yahoo.com
1
Ali reza Eshghi
2
Hanif Haddadi
3
S.Morteza Talebi
4
Comparison of the post – amalgam filling urinary mercury levels of children treated consciously VS. unconsciously Dr. M. Karaminogourani* - Dr. A. Eshghi** - Dr. H. Haddadi***- Dr. M. Talebi**** *- Assistant Professor of Paedodontics Dentistry Dept. - Faculty of Dentistry – Khorasgan Islam Azad University. **- Assistant Professor of Paedodontics Dentistry Dept. - Faculty of Dentistry - Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. ***- Dentist. **** - Assistant Professor of Chemistry Dept. – Faculty of Chemistry - Isfahan University. Background and Aim: In children requiring general anesthesia for dental care, a number of teeth are treated with amalgam in one session. The aim of this study was to compare the post – amalgam filling urinary mercury levels of children treated consciously vs. unconsciously. Materials and Methods: In this clinical trail research a group of 15 children requiring the usual tooth amalgam filling in office (group A) and the other group with 15 uncooperative children requiring general anesthesia for dental treatment (group B) were selected. All research conditions were made equal for both groups. The morning urine of each child was collected and coded at three time: before treatment, 4 days after treatment and 9 – 12 days after treatment. The urinary mercury levels were measured by the cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometric method. Data were subjected to t – pair test, Variance (ANOVA) and Duncan analyses. Results: The urinary mercury levels showed a significant increase in both groups post – treatment and during the sampling times (P<0.05). The amount of increase was more in group A as compare with group B (P<0.05). No significant relationship was found between the urinary mercury levels and sex, age, weight, the number of amalgam units and amalgam filled – tooth surfaces. Conclusion: Mercury absorption following tooth amalgam filling under general anesthesia is significantly less than that of in - office treatment. Key words: General anesthesia - Mercury - Amalgam - Pediatric dentistry
http://jida.ir/article-1-123-en.pdf
General anesthesia
Mercury
Amalgam
Pediatric dentistry
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Journal of Iranian Dental Association
Journal of Iranian Dental Association
2383-3041
2005-07
17
4
99
107
article
Relationship between sweetness preference and dental caries in mother child pairs
Atefeh Pakdel
aatefeh@gmail.com
1
Naser Valaei
2
Negar Mirzabeygi
3
Relationship between sweetness preference and dental caries in mother child pairs Dr. A. Pakdel* - Eng. N. Valaei** - Dr. N. Mirzabeygi*** *- Assistant Professor of Pedodontics Dept. - Faculty of Dentistry – Tehran Islamic Azad University. **- The member of Islamic Azad University. ***- Dentist. Background and Aim: Considering the existing concern on increasing caries and the importance of sweetness impact on it. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between sweetness preference and dental caries among pre-school mother/child pairs in Tehran, 2004. Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted on 120 pairs of pre-school children and their mother (240 samples) using descriptive design and random cluster sampling. The levels of dmft/DMFT were measured on WHO indices and sweetness preference was measured by modified sweet preference inventory. The related factors included sex, type of pre-school, parents' age, occupation and education, and mother's marital status. The correlation between mother-child sweetness preference was measured by Spearman correlation coefficient, the relationship between sweetness preference and the level of caries was assessed by Kruskal-Wallis method and DMFT/dmft correlation was judged by Pearson's relation. Results: Correlation between sweetness preference of mother and child was 0.14. There was no significant relationship between the levels of dmft/DMFT and children's dmft were 48.5±8.53 and 3.66±3.5, respectively and their correlation was 0.02. Conclusion: No significant relationship was found between sweetness preference and the amount of caries in mother/child pairs. In other words, sweetnss preference plays no role in mother/child caries. Key words: dmft/DMFT – Sweetness preference – Mother - Child.
http://jida.ir/article-1-125-en.pdf
dmft/DMFT
Sweetness preference
Mother
Child.
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Journal of Iranian Dental Association
Journal of Iranian Dental Association
2383-3041
2005-07
17
4
108
113
article
Radiographic evaluation of condylar shape in Cl I and Cl III malocclusion
Soghra Yassaei
syassaie@yahoo.com
1
Mohammad hossein Toode zaeim
2
Mahsa Bagheri
3
Radiographic evaluation of condylar shape in Cl I and Cl III malocclusion Dr. S. Yassaei* - Dr. MH. Toode zaeim* - Dr. M. Bagheri** *- Assistant Professor of Orthodontics Dept. - Faculty of Dentistry – Shaheed Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences. **- Dentist. Background and Aim: Antero-posterior position of condyle in glenoid fossa puts a direct effect on antero-posterior and vertical position of mandible determining the facial morphology, as a result. The aim of this study was to evaluate the condylar shape in patients with Cl I and Cl III malocclusion radiographically. Materials and Methods: In this study, condylar shape as weel as length and width of its neck, on panoramic and lateral cephalometric radiographs of 80 subjects, with the mean age of 11 years for females and 12 years and 5 months for males were investigated. Condylar shape and length were measured on panoramic radiographs while the width of its neck was measured on lateral cephalometries. Results: Statistically significant relationship was found between facial grosth pattern and condylar shape in patients with Cl III malocclusion (p. value = 0.02). In such patients, with normal or horizontal growth pattern, condylar flattening was the prominent shape. In patients with Cl I malocclusion there was no significant correlation between facial growth pattern and condylar shape. The width of condylar neck was less in patients with Cl III malocclusion than those with Cl I malocclusion. The difference was statically significant, however, condylar length was more among Cl III patients. Conclusion: Th prominent shape of flattening in patients with Cl III malocclusion could be an indicative of the effects of malocclusion on condylar shape. Key words: Condylar shape – Condylar neck – Condyle – Condylar length
http://jida.ir/article-1-126-en.pdf
Condylar shape
Condylar neck
Condyle
Condylar length