@article{ author = {Haghighati, Farideh and Salehi, S.Hossein and Valizadeh, Rez}, title = {Evaluation of periodontal status by CPITN among (35-44) – year – old population in Khoramabad (2002)}, abstract ={Evaluation of periodontal status by CPITN among (35-44) – year – old population in Khoramabad (2002) Dr. F. Haghighati* - Dr. SH. Salehi** - Dr. R. Valizadeh*** * - Associate Professor of Periodontics Dept. - Faculty of Dentistry – Tehran University of Medical Sciences. **-Assistant Professor of Periodontics Dept. - Faculty of Dentistry – Tehran University of Medical Sciences. ***- Dentist. Background and Aim: The aim of this study was to determine CPITN and its influencing fac-tors among 35 - 44 year old population referred to health centers in Khoramabad. Materials and Methods: In this study, periodontal status of 250 patients, 130 females and 22 males, age ranging from 35-44 years old, were studied using community periodontal index of treatments needs (CPITN). Results: It was indicated that 1.2% of subjects were healthy (code 0), 4.8% had bleeding on probing (code 1), 41.6% had supra or subgingival calculus (code 2), 36.8% had pockets of 4-5 mm depth (code 3) and 15.2% had pockets of 6 mm or more depth (code 4). Conclusion: Periodontal status of younger subjects was better than the older ones. Kruskal wallis and Mann - Whitney tests revealed that there was a significant relationship between age, health status, smoking, and gingival recession with periodontal status, however no significant relationship was found between economic status, improper dental treatment and sex with periodontal status. Treatment needs showed that 98.8% of the subjects required oral hygiene training, 94% required scaling, 15.2% needed complex treatment and 1.2% had no need for treatment. Key words: Periodontal index – Oral health – Oral hygiene - CPITN}, Keywords = {Periodontal index , Oral health , Oral hygiene , CPITN}, volume = {17}, Number = {5}, pages = {8-14}, publisher = {Journal of Iranian Dental Association}, url = {http://jida.ir/article-1-143-en.html}, eprint = {http://jida.ir/article-1-143-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Iranian Dental Association}, issn = {2383-3041}, eissn = {}, year = {2005} } @article{ author = {Semyari, Hasan and Naseri, Mohsen and Shayegh, S.Shojaeddin and Aliasgari, Rahimeh}, title = {Traditional treatments of periodontal disease in Iran}, abstract ={Traditional treatments of periodontal disease in Iran Dr. H. Semyari* - Dr. M. Naseri** - Dr. S. SH. Shayegh*** - Dr. R. Aliasgari**** * - Assistant Professor of Periodontics Dept. - Faculty of Dentistry - Shahed University. **- Assistant Professor of Pharmacology Dept. – Faculty of Medicine - Shahed University. ***- Assistant Professor of Prosthodontics Dept. – Faculty of Dentistry – Shahed Univerisity. ****- Dentist. Background and Aim: Periodontal diseases are highly prevalent among people. Considering the special attention paid by world organization for the development and application of tradi-tional medicine in the system of health – treatment services, the goal of this study was to iden-tify the valuable heritage of Iran traditional medicine on periodontal diseases and drugs. Materials and Methods: Based on the bibliography approcal taken in the present study, the re-lated information was collected through the revision of valuable books compiled by conspicu-ouse Iranian authors which were kept in reliable centres such as libraries and research organi-zations. On the other hand, pharmaceutical – herbal companies were also investigated and the most recent information on the relationship between herbal medicine and periodontal diseases were obtained and analyzed. Results: Traditional medicine of Iran is based on exact observations and experiences in the de-scription and treatment of periodontal diseases which, due to its natural origin, easy accessibil-ity and relative safety, can be considered as an important sources for modern pharmaceutical research. Conclusion: It was concluded that periodontal diseases, along with their symptoms and signs and treatment modalities such as herbal medication, diets and simple surgeries were fully dis-cussed in Iran traditional medicine. Key words: Iran traditional medicine – Periodontal diseases – Herbal medicine – Traditional treatment of periodontal diseases.}, Keywords = {Iran traditional medicine , Periodontal diseases , Herbal medicine , Traditional treatment of periodontal diseases}, volume = {17}, Number = {5}, pages = {15-22}, publisher = {Journal of Iranian Dental Association}, url = {http://jida.ir/article-1-144-en.html}, eprint = {http://jida.ir/article-1-144-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Iranian Dental Association}, issn = {2383-3041}, eissn = {}, year = {2005} } @article{ author = {Tabrizizadeh, Mehdi and Alidjani, Tar}, title = {Antibiotic prescription among Yazd dental practitioners in the year of 2004}, abstract ={Antibiotic prescription among Yazd dental practitioners in the year of 2004 Dr. M. Tabrizizadeh* - Dr. T. Alidjani** * - Assistant Professor of Endodontics Dept. - Faculty of Dentistry - Yazd University of Medical Sciences. **- Dentist. Background and Aim: Improper use of antibiotics may result in various economical and hygi-enic complications. The aim of the present study was to investigate antibiotic prescription by dental practitioners in Yazd. Materials and Methods: In order to conduct this descriptive cross-sectional study, a question-naire concerning types and cases of antibiotic therapy was distributed among 73 dentists in Yazd. Results: According to the findings 60.6% of dentists prescribed penicilline V as their primary selected drug for endodontic infections. In allergic cases to penicilline, erythromycin was ad-ministered in 70.49% of cases. Loading dose was used by 45.46% of dentists and the duration of antibiotic therapy was estimated one week in 80% of cases. Dentists prescribed antibiotics in cases of irreversible pulpitis (13.8%), necrotic pulps without pain and swelling (21.53%) and sinus tract (47.69%). Conclusion: Higher training level of dentists, for more proper and logical administration of antibiotics during endodontic treatment is recommended. Key words: Antibiotic – Prescription – Dental practitioners.}, Keywords = {Antibiotic , Prescription , Dental practitioners}, volume = {17}, Number = {5}, pages = {23-29}, publisher = {Journal of Iranian Dental Association}, url = {http://jida.ir/article-1-145-en.html}, eprint = {http://jida.ir/article-1-145-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Iranian Dental Association}, issn = {2383-3041}, eissn = {}, year = {2005} } @article{ author = {Farhad, Ali reza and Bakhtiar, Hengameh}, title = {Comparison of apical transport in three rotary systems and one modified technique}, abstract ={Comparison of apical transport in three rotary systems and one modified technique Dr. A.R. Farhad* - Dr. H. Bakhtiar*** - Assistant Professor of Endodontics Dept. - Faculty of Dentistry – Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. **- Endodontist. Background and Aim: Procedural errors such as canal transportation and loss of working length are mainly associated with stainless steel files with insufficient flexibility. Apical trans-portation may also be attributed to the cutting or non–cutting tip of rotary instruments. The aim of this investigation was to compare apical transportation in three types of rotary instruments (Hero642, Race and K3) using manufacturers' guidelines and a modified technique. Materials and Methods: Extracted maxillary or mandibular mesiobuccal roots of permanent human molars with a length of 19-23 mm and curvature between 20 – 40 degrees (according to the Schneider method) were studied. The initial patency of the experimental canals were at least ≠10 and maximum ≠15. The samples were divided into six groups of twenty canals. In the first three groups, canals were instrumented using rotary systems according to the manu-facturer's guidelines whereas in the 4th, 5th and 6th groups, prior to the instrumentation with rotary instruments, apical patency with ≠15 k hand file, ≠1-3 gates gliden, ≠2 peeso reamer and a full passive step back technique were used to create a better access to coronal and middle parts of the canal (modified technique). Statistical analysis was performed using Variance, Duncan and t – tests. Results: The mean degrees of apical transportation among groups instrumented according to the manufacturer's guidelines with Hero, Race and K3 rotary instruments were 2.79±1.12, 2.21±1.37 and 1.65±0.79, respectively and in samples instrumented with the modified tech-nique 2.64±1.54, 2.10±1.40 and 1.93±1.23 degrees of apical transportation were recorded in Hero, Race and K3 instruments, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference between the first three groups (P}, Keywords = {Apical transportation , Rotary instruments , Modified technique}, volume = {17}, Number = {5}, pages = {30-37}, publisher = {Journal of Iranian Dental Association}, url = {http://jida.ir/article-1-146-en.html}, eprint = {http://jida.ir/article-1-146-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Iranian Dental Association}, issn = {2383-3041}, eissn = {}, year = {2005} } @article{ author = {Hasheminiya, S.Mohsen and Havaee, S.Asghar and Rajabi, Mahmoo}, title = {Antibacterial and substantivity evaluation of 2.5% sodium hypochlorite, 0.2% cholorhexidine and distilled water as root canal irrigants (In - vitro)}, abstract ={Antibacterial and substantivity evaluation of 2.5% sodium hypochlorite, 0.2% cholorhexidine and distilled water as root canal irrigants (In - vitro) Dr. S.M. Hasheminiya* - Dr. S.A. Havaee** - Dr. M. Rajabi*** * - Assistant Professor of Endodontics Dept. - Faculty of Dentistry – Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. **- Assistant Professor of Microbiology Dept. - Faculty of Medicine – Isfahan University of Medical Sciences.***- Dentist. Background and Aim: The use of an irrigating solution during root canal cleaning and shaping is necessary for the elimination of all irritants. The aim of this study was to compare the anti-bacterial efficacy of distilled water, chlorhexidine 0.2% and sodium hypochlorite 2.5% as root canal irrigants on the reduction of Entrococcus fecalis (E.fecalis)colonies in extracted human teeth. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 80 extracted human teeth with single ca-nal were selected. After preparation all root canals were contaminated with E. fecalis. Then, filing was done up to file ≠40 and flaring up to ≠70. During filing and flaring procedures irri-gation was done using 20 cc of each solution. Finally, paper points were used to obtain sam-ples which were then sent to laboratory for CFU (colony – forming unit) count after incuba-tion. Sampling was done once after placing teeth in the incubator for one week. Data were sub-jected to Kruskal – Wallis and Duncan tests. Results: The finding of this study showed that sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine were more effective in the reduction of microorganisms' counts than distilled water (PV<0.05).Al-though sodium hypochlorite 2.5% had a mean CFU of 12.5 and cholorhexidine had a mean CFU of 22.5, no statistically significant difference was found between them (PV=0.799). The results obtained after one week showed that Naocl had a mean CFU of 42.5 and cholorhexi-dine had a mean CFU of 30, so the mean colony numbers increased in both groups and the dif-ferences were significant comparing to the samples of the first day, however hypochlorite had 240% of elevation and chlorhexidine had 33.3%, distilled water had no substantivity effect. Conclusion: The results have shown that sodium hypochlorite and cholorhexidine can remove E–fecalis and reduce the number of colonies significantly when used as irrigating materials during filing and flaring but distilled water does not have such an effect with higher average of colony numbers. Moreover, chlorhexidine showed more substantivity effect than hypochlorite. Key words: Chlorhexidine – Hypochlorite – Root canal irrigant – Substantivity – Colony – forming unit (CFU) – E. fecalis.}, Keywords = {Chlorhexidine , Hypochlorite , Root canal irrigant , Substantivity , Colony , forming unit (CFU) , E. fecalis}, volume = {17}, Number = {5}, pages = {38-45}, publisher = {Journal of Iranian Dental Association}, url = {http://jida.ir/article-1-147-en.html}, eprint = {http://jida.ir/article-1-147-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Iranian Dental Association}, issn = {2383-3041}, eissn = {}, year = {2005} } @article{ author = {Kamali, Abbas and Ansari, Ali and Azabdaftaran, Fatemeh}, title = {Clinical evaluation of 25% metronidazol gel application in surgical treatment of advanced chronic periodontitis}, abstract ={Clinical evaluation of 25% metronidazol gel application in surgical treatment of advanced chronic periodontitis Dr. A. Kamali* - Dr. A. Ansari** - Dr. F. Azabdaftaran**** - Assistant Professor of Periodontics Dept. - Faculty of Dentistry – Kerman University of Medical Sciences. **- Assistant Professor of Pharmacology Faculty - Kerman University of Medical Sciences. ***- Medical practitioner Background and Aim: Different drugs are used in the treatment of periodontal diseases be-cause of their different bacterial sources. This aim of this study was to evaluate clinically the application of metronidazol gel 25% in surgical treatment of advanced chronic periodontitis.Materials and Methods: In this randomized double blind clinical trial 33 patients, age ranging from 37 to 42 years, with advanced chronic periodontitis were selected. They were not affected with any systemic disease. Following phase I of treatment, patients with symmetric pockets of 7–8 mm depth were selected and modified widman flap was elevated for them. In the experi-mental group, the gel was applied before suturing. Patients were dismissed without any antibi-otic prescription. Sutures were removed after one week and pocket depths were recorded 6 – 7 months later. Results: The mean pocket depth reductions were 5.03 mm and 5.21 mm in control and ex-perimental groups, respectively. Intergroups analytical test (Paired t – test) showed significant different between pocket depths of two groups (P<0.02). Conclusion: Considering the slight differences in pocket depth reductions between two groups, more research is recommended for the application of this gel in the treatment of chronic periodontitis, however its non-surgical and local application for the treatment of re-fractory periodontitis can be thoroughly beneficial. Key words: 25% Metronidazole gel – Flap – Chronic periodontitis – Pocket depth}, Keywords = {25% Metronidazole gel , Flap , Chronic periodontitis , Pocket depth}, volume = {17}, Number = {5}, pages = {46-51}, publisher = {Journal of Iranian Dental Association}, url = {http://jida.ir/article-1-148-en.html}, eprint = {http://jida.ir/article-1-148-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Iranian Dental Association}, issn = {2383-3041}, eissn = {}, year = {2005} } @article{ author = {Moeintaghavi, Amir and Fallahtafti, Abbas and Talebiardekani, Mohammad reza and Haerianardekani, Ahmad and Ansari, Gholam hossei}, title = {An evaluation on the relationship between fixed prosthesis (crown) and periodontal health}, abstract ={An evaluation on the relationship between fixed prosthesis (crown) and periodontal health Dr. A. Moeintaghavi* - Dr. A. Fallah** - Dr. M.R. Talebi ardekani*** - Dr. A. Haerian ardekani**** - Dr. G.H. Ansari***** * - Assistant Professor and Chief of Periodontics Dept. - Faculty of Dentistry – Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. **- Assistant Professor of Prosthodontics Dept. - Faculty of Dentistry – Yazd University of Medical Sciences. *** - Assistant Professor of Periodontics Dept. - Faculty of Dentistry – Yazd University of Medical Sciences. **** - Associate Professor of Periodontics Dept. - Faculty of Dentistry – Yazd University of Medical Sciences. ***** - Dentist. Background and Aim: The relationship between periodontal health and teeth restoration is in-evitable. For long – term survival of restorations periodontium must remain healthy and on the other hand for a healthy periodontium a lot of issues must be critically observed in restora-tions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of crowns, made in Yazd dental faculty, on periodontal tissues. Materials and Methods: In this analytic cross – sectional study, 30 crowns were randomly se-lected. Modified gingival index (MGI), probing index (PI), probing depth (PD), and kerati-nized gingival crowns in cases were compared with the same indices of the normal contra lat-eral teeth (controls). Moreover, crown's features such as marginal position, marginal fitness and proximal contacts of crowns were evaluated. Wilcoxon signed rank test and Paired sample t – test were used for statistical analysis. Results: MGI and PD were significantly more around crowns than normal contra lateral teeth but PI and KG were less around crowns, however the differences in keratinized gingival (KG) were not significant. In crowns with subgingival margin MGI, PI and KG were more than crowns with supragingival or gingival margins. Crowns with marginal overhang showed more MGI, PI, PD and KG, as compared with the normal ones. In crowns with normal proximal contacts PD, OI, MGI and KG were less than those with open contacts. In this study, just one case with tight proximal contacts was observed.Conclusion: Crowns significantly affect on the gingival inflammatory reaction of the restored teeth. Key words: Crown – Periodontium – Gingival index – Plaque index – Probing depth.}, Keywords = {Crown , Periodontium , Gingival index , Plaque index , Probing depth}, volume = {17}, Number = {5}, pages = {52-60}, publisher = {Journal of Iranian Dental Association}, url = {http://jida.ir/article-1-149-en.html}, eprint = {http://jida.ir/article-1-149-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Iranian Dental Association}, issn = {2383-3041}, eissn = {}, year = {2005} } @article{ author = {ShariatmadarAhmadi, Roya and ManiKashani, Khosro and Dorri, Narges}, title = {Comparative evaluation of alveolar bone level measurement pre and at gingival surgery}, abstract ={Comparative evaluation of alveolar bone level measurement pre and at gingival surgery Dr. R. Shariatmadar Ahmadi* - Dr. KH. Mani Kashani** - Dr. N. Dorri*** * - Assistant Professor of Periodontics Dept. Faculty of Dentistry – Hamedan University of Medical Sciences. **- Assistant Professor of MSPH Dept. – Faculty of Medicine – Hamedan University of Medical Sciences. *** - Dentist. Background and Aim: Surgical bone level probing is the most precise method for the deter-mination of bone level regeneration in regenerative therapy but due to the aggressive and dam-aging nature of this procedure. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the precision and accuracy of bone probing measurement as a non-surgical method to determine bone level changes. Materials and Methods: In this analytic- comparative study, 22 maxillary molars and premo-lars in patients with chronic periodontitis participated. An acrylic resin stent was made for the bone probing depth (BPD) measurements, surgical bone level measurements as well as proper orientation of probe of each sample. The mesial, distal, mid-buccal and mid-palatal aspects of each tooth were measured. Results: Differences between surgical bone probing and bone probing depth measurements in different surfaces of messiobuccal, mid buccal, disto buccal and mid palatal were 0.09±0.74, 0.068±1.01, 0.24±0.11 and 0.28±0.88, respectively, which were not statistically significant (P<0.05), however, there was positive coefficient of correlation in all surfaces (Y=0.97). Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that, regardless of probing surface, type of tooth and the presence of intrabony defects, there is a minimal difference between BPD and SBL and probing depth (PB) measurement can be a reliable method to estimate bone level regenera-tion following periodontal treatment and to replace surgical bone level (SBL) procedure. Key words: Sounding – Probing – Bone - Gingiva}, Keywords = {Sounding , Probing , Bone , Gingiva}, volume = {17}, Number = {5}, pages = {61-67}, publisher = {Journal of Iranian Dental Association}, url = {http://jida.ir/article-1-150-en.html}, eprint = {http://jida.ir/article-1-150-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Iranian Dental Association}, issn = {2383-3041}, eissn = {}, year = {2005} } @article{ author = {Ketabi, Mohammad and Mirzakoocheki, Parvin and Zandiye, Samir}, title = {A comparative study on required forces for the passage of three different dental flosses at interproximal contacts}, abstract ={A comparative study on required forces for the passage of three different dental flosses at interproximal contacts Dr. M. Ketabi* - Dr. P. Mirzakoocheki** - Dr. S. Zandiye*** * - Assistant Professor of Periodontics Dept. - Faculty of Dentistry – Khorasgan Islamic Azad University. ** -Assistant Professor of Operative Dentistry Dept. - Faculty of Dentistry - Khorasgan Islamic Azad University. ***- Dentist. Background and Aim: Excess force while using dental floss may injure gums and lead to the formation of gingival clefts. Moreover, it seems that dental floss materials play an important role in the required forces for interproximal passages. The aim of this study was to compare the amount of forces required for the passage of three different dental flossed namely Mina and G.U.M made of nylon and Oral – B made of PTFE (Polytetrafluoroethylene). Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, the forces required for the interproximal passage of three above – mentioned flosses were measured using digital force measurer at 14 contacts between the first premolars from one side to the other of both jaws, of 30 subjects, age ranging from 18 to 35 years. Measurement procedures were similar for all three types of flosses and the forces were ex-pressed in Newton. The mean values were statistically analyzed by one way ANOVA and Hot scheffe tests.Results: The results showed that the amount of required force was significantly lower for PTFE (1.89 N) than Mina (2.89 N) and G.U.M (3.10 N). Moreover, maxillary interproximal forces were significantly less than mandibular ones: 2.24 N versus 3.01 N, P < 0.05. Conclusion: It seems that PTFE dental flosses, due to less required forces and easier manipu-lation, are preferred to nylon flosses by patients. Key words: Dental floss – PTFE – Nylon – Interproximal contact – Force exertion}, Keywords = {Dental floss , PTFE – Nylon , Interproximal contact , Force exertion}, volume = {17}, Number = {5}, pages = {75-80}, publisher = {Journal of Iranian Dental Association}, url = {http://jida.ir/article-1-152-en.html}, eprint = {http://jida.ir/article-1-152-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Iranian Dental Association}, issn = {2383-3041}, eissn = {}, year = {2005} } @article{ author = {Masoodirad, Hoseein and Tabari, Ramin and Arefian, Mahmood rez}, title = {An assessment of patient\'s satisfaction toward endodontics department, Guilan dental school (2003 – 2004)}, abstract ={An assessment of patient's satisfaction toward endodontics department, Guilan dental school (2003 – 2004) Dr. H. Masoodirad* - Dr. R. Tabari* - Dr. M.R. Arefian*** * - Assistant Professor of Endodontics Dept. - Faculty of Dentistry – Guilan University of Medical Sciences. **- Dentist. Background and Aim: One of the most important indices for the evaluation of services pro-vided in different health and treatment sections qualitatively is the satisfaction rate of clients toward the offered services. The main objective of this study was to examine the satisfaction rate of patients, referred to Endodontic Department of Guilan dental faculty, to root canal ther-apy. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive cross – sectional study, conducted in Guilan dental faculty in 2003-2004, 78 patients, 35 males and 43 females, were studied. Data were collected on patients' satisfaction rate through a questionnaire using split – half method and confidence coefficient of 10%. Finally, 67 subjects were selected. The relationship between different vari-ables was calculated through SPSS (Version 11.5) program and  2 analysis. Results: The highest satisfaction levels were related to the following cases: - Students' behaviour toward patients. - Faculty staff's behaviour toward patients. There was a relatively lower satisfaction to the following cases: - Waiting time to take turns for endodontic treatments. - Waiting time since the completion of medical record until the beginning of treatment. - Received expenses for the treatment. - Welfare facilities (Parking lot, Hygenic service, waiting room). Conclusion: Comparing the present study to the previous ones suggests the general satisfac-tion of all clients referred to endodontic department, however the mentioned deficiencies should be investigated and corrected as soon as possible. Key words: Root canal therapy – Patient's satisfaction – Guilan Dental School}, Keywords = {Root canal therapy , Patient\'s satisfaction , Guilan Dental School}, volume = {17}, Number = {5}, pages = {81-88}, publisher = {Journal of Iranian Dental Association}, url = {http://jida.ir/article-1-153-en.html}, eprint = {http://jida.ir/article-1-153-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Iranian Dental Association}, issn = {2383-3041}, eissn = {}, year = {2005} } @article{ author = {Khademi, Abbas ali and .Saeei, Saeed and Alavi, S.Ali and Mirkheshti, Noshin and Ghesami, Fatemeh}, title = {An investigation on different storage media in the preserva-tion of periodontal ligament cells vitality}, abstract ={An investigation on different storage media in the preserva-tion of periodontal ligament cells vitality Dr. A. Khademi* - Dr. S. Saeei** - Dr. S.A. Alavi*** - Dr. N. Mirkheshti*** - F. Ghesami **** * - Associate Professor of Endodontics Dept. – Faculty of Dentistry – Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. **- Endodontist. ***- Medical practitioner. ****- Student of medicine. Background and Aim: Immediate replantation of the avulsed teeth is the treatment of choice to achieve optimal periodontal healing. If the teeth can not be replanted immediately, the vital-ity of PDL cells on root surfaces must be preserved through a suitable storage media. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of different storage media including water, Hanks Bal-anced Salt Solution (HBSS), milk and egg albumen on the vitality of periodontal ligament cells. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 105 human premolar teeth extracted atraumatically for orthodontic reasons were collected. After extraction, root surfaces became blood free using HBSS. Thereafter teeth were placed in individual tubes containing 10 ml HBSS solution and transferred in ice flasks to laboratory during 30 minutes. Storage media, in this study, consisted of water, milk, egg albumen and HBSS. Evaluation periods were at 1 h, 2 h, 4 h, 8 h and 12 h and afterwards teeth were again washed with HBSS. After isolating PDL cells from root surfaces first by trypsin and then collagenase, viability of PDL cells was evalu-ated by trypan blue staining. Fibroblast count and the ratio of viable cells to the whole ones were calculated. Data were subjected to ANOVA test. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between egg albumen and HBSS (p>0.05). Also there was no significant difference between water and milk (p>0.05). However, egg albumen and HBSS were significantly better, in the preservation of cells viability, than water and milks. Conclusion: Egg albumen can be suggested as an appropriate storage media for the preserva-tion of PDL cells viability of avulsed teeth. Availability is one of its important advantages. Key words: Periodontal ligament – Cell culture – Avulsed teeth – Storage media}, Keywords = {Periodontal ligament , Cell culture , Avulsed teeth , Storage media}, volume = {17}, Number = {5}, pages = {89-95}, publisher = {Journal of Iranian Dental Association}, url = {http://jida.ir/article-1-154-en.html}, eprint = {http://jida.ir/article-1-154-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Iranian Dental Association}, issn = {2383-3041}, eissn = {}, year = {2005} } @article{ author = {Zarrabi, Mohammad hasan and Talati, Ali and Moradi, Saeed and Shakeri, Leil}, title = {Comparative study on canal preparation by three rotary sys-tems using CT scan (An in vitro study)}, abstract ={Comparative study on canal preparation by three rotary sys-tems using CT scan (An in vitro study) Dr. M.H. Zarrabi* - Dr. A. Talati** - Dr. S. Moradi** - Dr. L. Shakeri*** * - Associate Professor and Chief of Endodontics Dept. - Faculty of Dentistry – Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. **- Assistant Professor of Endodontics Dept. - Faculty of Dentistry – Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. *** - Endodontist. Background and Aim: Cleaning and shaping of the root canal system are important objectives in each root canal therapy. A lot of automatic devices are nowadays available on the market to simplify the preparation and decrease instrumentation time. The aim of this study was to com-pare root canal preparation by three NiTi rotary systems: Profile, Flexmaster and Race using CT scan. Materials and Methods: In this in - vitro study forty five single rooted human mandibular premolars, with root canal curvature between 20°- 30° and radius curvature between 5-7 mm, were divided into three similar groups. All teeth were shortened to the length of 15 mm. Pre-operative CT scan of each root were recorded at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 mm cross sections from apices. Following canal shaping, post operative scans were superimposed on the original images by adobe photoshop 7 software. Changes in canal transportation, canal centering and shape of ca-nal were analyzed. Fisher's exact test was used to examine each cross – section statistically. Results: All three NiTi rotary systems could prepare canals without any transportation and de-viation of original shapes. These systems could also maintain canal centering with minimal deviation from the canal depth. Three NiTi rotary systems were independent of transportation, canal centering and shaping variables in all cross – sections. No statistically significant differ-ences were observed between these three systems (P>0.05). Conclusion: All three NiTi rotary systems, without any significant differences, can be recom-mended for clinical use. Key words: Canal preparation – Flexmaster – Profile – Race – CT scan.}, Keywords = {Canal preparation , Flexmaster , Profile , Race , CT scan}, volume = {17}, Number = {5}, pages = {96-102}, publisher = {Journal of Iranian Dental Association}, url = {http://jida.ir/article-1-155-en.html}, eprint = {http://jida.ir/article-1-155-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Iranian Dental Association}, issn = {2383-3041}, eissn = {}, year = {2005} } @article{ author = {Alaeddini, Mojgan and Parirokh, Masou}, title = {Effects of spreader penetration depth on the quality of apical seal}, abstract ={Effects of spreader penetration depth on the quality of apical seal Dr. M. Alaeddini* - Dr. M. Parirokh** * - Oral and Maxillofacial pathologist – Dental Research Centre – Tehran University of Medical Sciences. **- Associate professor of Endodontics Dept. – Faculty of Dentistry – Kerman University of Medical Sciences. Background and Aim: A proper root canal filling is accomplished by complete obturation of the root canal with an inert filling material. Therefore, the creation of an apical seal has been proposed as goals for a successful endodontic treatment. The aim of this study was to deter-mine the effects of spreader penetration depth on apical seal. Materials and Methods: Thirty – three canals were instrumented by step – back technique. In 12 canals, finger (F) spreader penetrated at 0.5 mm of the prepared length (group 1). In another 9 canals, F spreader penetrated at 1 mm of the prepared length (group 2). After 24 hours, in 100% humidity, the roots, except for the 3 mm of apical part, were covered by nail polish. Six canals were not obturated as positive group and other six ones were completely covered by nail polish (negative controls). All roots were suspended in dye for 72 hours. The teeth were then cut longitudinally and apical leakage was measured and recorded. Data were subjected to t – test and Mann – whitney U test. Results: The mean dye penetration and standard deviation, in group 1, were 0.4492 and 0.209, respectively whereas those of group 2 were 1.2767 and 0.916, respectively. It was shown that average dye penetration in groups 1 was significantly less than that of group 2 (P<0.05). Conclusion: Considering the importance of a proper apical seal in a successful endodontic treatment, more spreader penetration depth in lateral condensation technique is recommended. Key words: Lateral condensation – Microleakage – Spreader}, Keywords = {Lateral condensation , Microleakage , Spreader}, volume = {17}, Number = {5}, pages = {103-109}, publisher = {Journal of Iranian Dental Association}, url = {http://jida.ir/article-1-156-en.html}, eprint = {http://jida.ir/article-1-156-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Iranian Dental Association}, issn = {2383-3041}, eissn = {}, year = {2005} } @article{ author = {Mofid, Rasool and Fathiye, Ali reza and Alavi, Kaveh and Zamiri, Mehdi}, title = {A comparative study between antimicrobial toothpastes of Pooneh, Nasim and Crest Complete on microbial plaque con-trol}, abstract ={A comparative study between antimicrobial toothpastes of Pooneh, Nasim and Crest Complete on microbial plaque con-trol Dr. R. Mofid* - Dr. A.R. Fathiye** - Dr. K. Alavi***- Dr. M. Zamiri**** * - Assistant Professor of Periodontics Dept. - Faculty of Dentistry – Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. **- Associate Professor of Periodontics Dept. - Faculty of Dentistry – Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. ***- Medical Practitioner – Dental Research Centre - Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. ****- Dentist. Background and Aim: Plaque control is an effective technique in the prevention and treatment of gingivitis and a critical part of all periodontal treatment procedures. Among different meth-ods of plaque control, the use of antimicrobial toothpastes has gained special importance. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of Nasim and Pooneh antibacterial toothpastes with and ADA approved antimicrobial toothpaste (Crest Complete) on plaque control. Materials and Methods: In this cross – over study, conducted on 19 adult subjects, plaque re-growth after a 4 – day toothbrushing with Nasim, Pooneh and Crest complete toothpastes as well as water rinsing (negative control) as the only form of oral hygiene was investigated fol-lowing prophylaxis and single brushing with toothpastes, rinsing with toothpastes slurries, twice a day, was used for the following 96 hours. SPSS software, Friedman and Wilcoxon Signed Rank tests were used for data analysis. Results: Comparison between four groups through non – parametrical Friedman test showed statistically significant differences. Wilcoxon's signed ranks test revealed that only between Pooneh and Nasim toothpastes significant difference did not exist. Average ranks for Pooneh, Nasim, Crest and water were 2.05, 2.45, 1.50 and 4, respectively. Conclusion: Pooneh and Nasim toothpastes were proved to be effective in plaque regrowth prevention, however, Crest complete in this short –time study yielded more satisfactory results. Key words: Plaque index –Toothpaste – Crest complete – Nasim – Antibacterial Pooneh - Tri-closan}, Keywords = {Plaque index , Toothpaste , Crest complete , Nasim , Antibacterial Pooneh , Tri-closan}, volume = {17}, Number = {5}, pages = {110-117}, publisher = {Journal of Iranian Dental Association}, url = {http://jida.ir/article-1-157-en.html}, eprint = {http://jida.ir/article-1-157-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Iranian Dental Association}, issn = {2383-3041}, eissn = {}, year = {2005} }