@article{ author = {Biria, Mina and Rezvani, Yasaman and Haeri, Ali and Parhiz, Zohre and EslamiAmirabadi, Negin and Eftekhar, Leil}, title = {Evaluation of Antiplaque Efficacy of a Propolis-Based Herbal Toothpaste: A Single-Blind Parallel Clinical Trail}, abstract ={Background and Aim: In recent years, the use of herbal oral care products has been taken into consideration for reducing dental plaque accumulation. Propolis has been widely used in medicine due to its multiple biological properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antiplaque efficacy of an herbal toothpaste containing propolis in comparison with a control group. Materials and Methods: This single-blind parallel clinical trial was conducted among 60 dental students. The baseline plaque index was evaluated using a plaque in-dicator one hour after brushing without toothpaste. Participants were randomly as-signed to two groups: (A) herbal toothpaste with propolis, and (B) herbal toothpaste without propolis. After four weeks, the plaque index was re-examined and recorded. Quantitative variables were analyzed by independent t-test, and the mean and standard deviation (SD) were reported. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The mean plaque index differences were not significant between the two groups at the beginning of the study, while there was a significant difference after four weeks (P˂0.001). The results signify an approximate 1.7-unit reduction in the mean plaque index of subjects using toothpaste with propolis in comparison with a 0.7-unit reduction in subjects using toothpaste without propolis. Conclusion: The herbal toothpaste containing propolis was more effective in reducing plaque accumulation in comparison with the control group. Considering the effect of propolis-containing toothpastes on the reduction of dental plaque accumulation, these can be used as an effective oral hygiene product.}, Keywords = {Dental Plaque, Herbal, Oral Hygiene, Toothpastes, Propolis}, volume = {31}, Number = {3}, pages = {126-131}, publisher = {Journal of Iranian Dental Association}, doi = {10.30699/jidai.31.3.126}, url = {http://jida.ir/article-1-2049-en.html}, eprint = {http://jida.ir/article-1-2049-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Iranian Dental Association}, issn = {2383-3041}, eissn = {}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Ghasemi, Mahmood and Etemadi, Ardavan and Jahanfar, Niknam Jahanfar and Anoosh, Ghazal and SeyedJafari, Ehsan and Chiniforush, Nasim and Kharazifard, Mohammadjav}, title = {Adhesion and Proliferation of Human Gingival Fibroblasts on Root Surfaces following Photodynamic Therapy: An In Vitro Study}, abstract ={Background and Aim: Previous studies have shown that some dyes used in photodynamic therapy (PDT) have a low pH and may cause root demineralization and remove the smear layer. This study aimed to assess and compare the effects of root biomodification with citric acid and PDT on the adhesion and proliferation of human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs). Materials and Methods: In this in vitro experimental study, 75 single-rooted teeth extracted due to periodontal disease were assigned to the following treatment groups: (I) Scaling and root planing (SRP) alone; (II) SRP + citric acid (pH=1, 60 s); (III) PDT with toluidine blue (TB; 635 nm laser,150 mW for 30 s); (IV) PDT with methylene blue (MB; 660 nm laser, 150 mW for 30 s) and (V) PDT with indocyanine green (ICG; 810 nm laser, 150 mW for 30 s). Fibroblasts were then cultured in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium along with the treated root pieces. Adhesion and proliferation of fibroblasts were quantified using the methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay at 24, 48 and 72 hours. Data were analyzed using SPSS ver-sion 22 by repeated measures ANOVA. Pairwise comparisons were performed by the LSD test. Results: Adhesion and proliferation of HGFs significantly increased in all groups from 24 to 72 hours (P=0.0001). There was no significant difference in this respect among the groups at the three time points (P=0.143). Conclusion: PDT did not have any adverse effect on the adhesion and proliferation of HGFs on dentin, which confirms the safety of this treatment modality.}, Keywords = {Photochemotherapy, Lasers, Fibroblasts, Cell Adhesion, Cell Proliferation}, volume = {31}, Number = {3}, pages = {132-138}, publisher = {Journal of Iranian Dental Association}, doi = {10.30699/jidai.31.3.132}, url = {http://jida.ir/article-1-2050-en.html}, eprint = {http://jida.ir/article-1-2050-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Iranian Dental Association}, issn = {2383-3041}, eissn = {}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {FallahinejadGhajari, Masoud and MajidiRad, Hoda and Baghalian, Ali}, title = {Fracture Resistance of Maxillary Primary Anterior Restorations Using Grandio and Grandio Flow Composites with Two Differ-ent Types of Posts: An In Vitro Study}, abstract ={Background and Aim: There have been attempts to restore destroyed primary anterior teeth using a variety of post and core systems, which were able to solve just part of the problems related to this issue. Therefore, the present study aimed to inves-tigate the fracture resistance of restorations supported with a variety of posts and cores in primary anterior teeth. Materials and Methods: The present study was an in vitro experimental study on 40 extracted maxillary primary canine teeth. The teeth were divided into four groups: (I) Grandio Flow composite core and fiberglass post, (II) Grandio Flow composite core and Grandio Flow composite post, (III) Grandio composite core and fiberglass post and (IV) Grandio composite core and Grandio composite post. Then, the fracture re-sistance was compared among the four groups. One-way ANOVA was used to analyze the data. Results: The mean fracture resistance was 398.2±135.2 in group 1, 474.7±100.8 in group 2, 374.3±161.1 in group 3 and 364.4±74.5 in group 4; these differences were not statistically significant (P=0.182). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the highest fracture resistance was observed in the Grandio Flow composite core and Grandio Flow composite post. Grandio composite core and Grandio composite post showed the lowest fracture resistance; but there were no statistically significant differences among the groups.}, Keywords = {Post and Core Technique, Composite Resins, Tooth, Deciduous}, volume = {31}, Number = {3}, pages = {139-145}, publisher = {Journal of Iranian Dental Association}, doi = {10.30699/jidai.31.3.139}, url = {http://jida.ir/article-1-2051-en.html}, eprint = {http://jida.ir/article-1-2051-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Iranian Dental Association}, issn = {2383-3041}, eissn = {}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Ezoji, Fariba and AhmadiZenouz, Ghazaleh and Yousefi, Adeleh and Khafri, Soray}, title = {Effect of Finishing and Polishing Time, Technique and Surface Coating on Microleakage of Encapsulated Restorative Resin Modified Glass Ionomer: An In Vitro Study}, abstract ={Background and Aim: This study aimed to assess the effect of finishing and polishing time, technique and surface coating on microleakage of encapsulated restorative resin modified glass ionomer (RMGI). Materials and Methods: In this in vitro study, 40 freshly extracted human premolars were selected. Two standard class V cavities were prepared on the buccal and lingual surfaces of each tooth. The prepared teeth were randomly assigned to eight experimental groups (n=10) according to the finishing and polishing time, technique and surface coating. The samples were blindly examined for marginal microleakage using a stereomicroscope at x40 magnification. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to analyze the obtained data with the level of significance set at P<0.05. Results: Groups with surface coating showed significantly lower microleakage than uncoated samples (P<0.001). The groups in which discs were used had lower microleakage (P<0.001). There were no statistically significant differences between the groups with delayed or immediate finishing and polishing (P>0.05). Our results showed that there were no statistically significant differences between enamel and dentinal walls with regard to marginal microleakage scores (P>0.05). Conclusion: Immediate finishing and polishing of coated restorations with Sof-Lex discs decreases their marginal microleakage. Also, it is more effective at the gingival margin.}, Keywords = {Dental Marginal Adaptation, Dental Polishing, Glass Ionomer Cements, Dental Leakage}, volume = {31}, Number = {3}, pages = {146-153}, publisher = {Journal of Iranian Dental Association}, doi = {10.30699/jidai.31.3.146}, url = {http://jida.ir/article-1-2052-en.html}, eprint = {http://jida.ir/article-1-2052-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Iranian Dental Association}, issn = {2383-3041}, eissn = {}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Mozafar, Sedighe and Ahmadi, Rahil and Kameli, Somayeh and Khodakarami, Sami}, title = {In Vitro Efficacy of Sodium Bicarbonate Powder and Pumice Flour for Removal of Iron Induced Pigmentations}, abstract ={Background and Aim: Management of iron-induced tooth pigmentation is challenging. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of sodium bicarbonate powder and pumice flour for removal of iron-induced pigmentation from primary ante-rior teeth. Materials and Methods: In this in vitro, experimental study, 60 sound primary anterior teeth were collected. After cutting the roots and sealing the pulp chamber with composite resin, all teeth were coated with acid gel for 30 s and then immersed in 250 cc of ferrous sulfate iron drop for 48 h to induce iron discoloration. Afterwards, the teeth were randomly divided into two experimental groups (n=30). In group A, discolored teeth were cleaned with pumice/water slurry. Samples in group B were cleaned similarly for 30 s using sodium bicarbonate/water slurry. The shade of all teeth was evaluated at baseline, after inducing iron staining and following stain removal using Vita Easy Shade spectrophotometer. The data were analyzed using Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, t-test and ANCOVA. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: All teeth showed color improvement following the cleaning procedures. However, teeth in pumice group showed a significantly greater mean ΔE2 value com-pared with sodium bicarbonate, representing more efficient stain removal (P=0.926 for L, P=0.162 for a*, P=0.980 for b*). Conclusion: Both sodium bicarbonate and pumice were effective for tooth stain re-moval, although pumice powder showed significantly higher efficacy.}, Keywords = {Tooth Discoloration, Iron, Sodium Bicarbonate, Pumice}, volume = {31}, Number = {3}, pages = {154-161}, publisher = {Journal of Iranian Dental Association}, doi = {10.30699/jidai.31.3.154}, url = {http://jida.ir/article-1-2053-en.html}, eprint = {http://jida.ir/article-1-2053-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Iranian Dental Association}, issn = {2383-3041}, eissn = {}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Pourheidary, Hanane and Shayegh, Sayed Shojaedin Shayegh and Shahab, Shahriar and Hakimaneh, Seyed Mohammad Rez}, title = {Radiographic Comparison of Crestal Bone Loss Around Two Implant Systems with Different Surface Roughness: A Retrospective Study}, abstract ={Background and Aim: This retrospective study aimed to investigate the effects of surface roughness and implant body design on the amount of crestal bone loss around implant. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective study, dental records of 87 patients who received 139 implants were evaluated. The ITI group received 63 implants with moderate roughness, while the DIO group received 76 implants with hybrid rough-ness. Radiographs were taken immediately after implant placement, on the day of loading of the prosthesis, and 1 and 2 years after loading by using the parallel method. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare bone loss in the two groups at different time points, and the Wilcoxon test was used to evaluate the intra-group variations during a period of 1-2 years after applying the force (P=0.05). Results: Radiographic records of 23 implants (16%) were unavailable during the sec-ond year. The ITI group had more bone loss at all three time points. Marginal bone loss in the ITI group during the second year was 0.65±0.44 mm and was significantly more than that in the DIO group (0.28±0.16 mm; P<0.05). The mean bone loss during the time interval of the first to the second year was significantly less than the bone loss during the time interval of loading to the first year (P<0.05) in both groups. Conclusion: Based on the failure criteria, none of the implants failed after 2 years of loading. Implants with hybrid surface roughness were superior in preserving the mar-ginal bone around implants against occlusal forces.}, Keywords = {Dental Implants, Alveolar Bone Loss, Radiography, Dental}, volume = {31}, Number = {3}, pages = {162-168}, publisher = {Journal of Iranian Dental Association}, doi = {10.30699/jidai.31.3.162}, url = {http://jida.ir/article-1-2054-en.html}, eprint = {http://jida.ir/article-1-2054-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Iranian Dental Association}, issn = {2383-3041}, eissn = {}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Ghasemi, Ehsan and Fathi, Amir Hossein and Parvizinia, Sar}, title = {Effect of Three Disinfectants on Dimensional Changes of Different Impression Materials}, abstract ={Background and Aim: Disinfection of dental impression materials can alter their dimensional stability, which in turn can affect the accuracy of dental casts. This study aimed to determine the effect of three disinfectants on the dimensional changes of ir-reversible hydrocolloid impression materials and addition silicones. Materials and Methods: Forty alginate and 40 addition silicone impressions were made using special trays. The impressions were disinfected by the spraying method for 10 minutes except for the control group. Then, they were poured with type IV den-tal stone. The prepared casts were maintained for 24 hours in a similar condition. Next, the dimensions and the external distance between two dies were measured at three time intervals using a digital caliper with 0.01 mm accuracy, and the average values were recorded. The yielded measurements were compared with each other and with metal models. One-way ANOVA and one sample t-test (α=0.05) were used for data analysis. Results: No significant difference was observed between the groups (P>0.05). Com-parison of all average dimensions of the casts with the metal model showed that none of the groups had a significant difference except for the alginate group that showed an increase in the height of the larger die. There was a significant difference in the rest of the dimensions (P<0.05). Conclusion: Disinfection of alginate and addition silicone impression materials with 0.5% sodium hypochlorite, Epimax, and Deconex did not have any significant effect on the cast dimensions.}, Keywords = {Colloids, Dental impression materials, Dental disinfectants}, volume = {31}, Number = {3}, pages = {169-176}, publisher = {Journal of Iranian Dental Association}, doi = {10.30699/jidai.31.3.169}, url = {http://jida.ir/article-1-2055-en.html}, eprint = {http://jida.ir/article-1-2055-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Iranian Dental Association}, issn = {2383-3041}, eissn = {}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Ghasemi, Ehsan and Mosharraf, Ramin and Mirzaei, Siavash}, title = {Comparison of Water Sorption of Two Injection Acrylic Resins with a Conventional Pressure-Packed Acrylic Resin}, abstract ={Background and Aim: Water sorption is one of the most important properties that affects the quality of a prosthesis, and subsequently, the quality of treatment, and pa-tient’s quality of life. The aim of this study was to determine and compare the water sorption of two types of poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) using the injection-molding systems with a traditional acrylic resin base material. Materials and Methods: In this in vitro, experimental study, three groups of PMMA (n=10), consisting of two groups of injection molded PMMA samples (Vertex Castavar-ia and Ivo-Base High-Impact) were used for two different injection molding techniques and one group of conventional pressure-packed PMMA (Meliodent Heat Cure) was used for the conventional pressure-packed technique. After processing, 30 specimens were stored in distilled water at 37°C for 30 days. The water sorption test was then performed. Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS version 23.0 via the Krus-kal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests (α=0.05). Results: The mean value of water sorption was 17.88±1.08 µg/mm3 for IvoBase spec-imens, 28.45±2.19µg/mm3 for Vertex specimens, and 21.76 ±3.26 µg/mm3 for Melio-dent specimens (P<0.001 for Ivobase-Vertex, P <0.007 for Ivobase-Meliodent, and P<0.001 for Vertex-Meliodent). Conclusion: Water sorption of IvoBase was significantly lower than that of other ma-terials. Despite such a significant difference, all of them completely fulfilled the re-quirements of EN ISO 20795-1:2008.}, Keywords = {Adsorption, Injections, Polymethyl Methacrylate}, volume = {31}, Number = {3}, pages = {177-181}, publisher = {Journal of Iranian Dental Association}, doi = {10.30699/jidai.31.3.177}, url = {http://jida.ir/article-1-2056-en.html}, eprint = {http://jida.ir/article-1-2056-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Iranian Dental Association}, issn = {2383-3041}, eissn = {}, year = {2019} }